There is a lot of talk about executive function but do you know what it means and how to promote it within your setting? As early years practitioners, we know that young children are like sponges, soaking up every experience we offer them.
However, have you ever considered why some children find it easier to focus, wait their turn, or follow instructions while others sometimes struggle? A lot of it comes down to executive function, those behind-the-scenes thinking skills that help children learn, behave, and manage their emotions.
What is Executive Function?
Executive function refers to a set of cognitive processes that help children regulate their thoughts, emotions, and actions. These skills are essential for:
- Focusing attention
- Following instructions
- Problem-solving
- Managing impulses
- Planning and organising tasks
Think of executive function as the brain’s “air traffic control system.” It helps children: - Pay attention even when there are distractions, like ignoring the noise of other children playing while listening to a story.
- Control impulses, not snatching a toy even when they really want it.
- Remember and follow steps: “First, wash your hands, then sit at the table for lunch.”
- Mentally switch when things change, moving from outdoor play to circle time without a meltdown.
These skills don’t develop overnight. They develop in time, with the right support.
Why Does It Matter?
Strong executive function skills in the early years are like giving children a secure foundation and skills for life. Children who can regulate their emotions, think flexibly, and stay focused tend to:
✔ Find learning easier
✔ Get along better with others
✔ Cope with challenges more calmly
The good news? We can help strengthen these skills every day, no fancy resources needed.
Practical Ways to Nurture Executive Function
1. Play — The Best Teacher
- Pretend play (like running a ‘shop’ or ‘vet clinic’) helps children practise planning, taking turns, and problem-solving.
- Simple games like “Musical Statues” boost self-control and listening skills.
2. Routines = Security
Children thrive on predictability. A clear daily routine, supported by visual cues such as pictures or a simple timetable, helps children know what’s coming next, reducing anxiety and making transitions smoother.
3. Break It Down
Instead of saying, “Tidy up time,” try:
- “Let’s put the cars in this box first.”
- “Now, can you find all the crayons?”
Small steps make big tasks feel manageable.
4. Talk It Out
- Ask questions that encourage them to think: “What do you think will happen if…?”
- Help them recognise and understand emotions: “You look frustrated. Shall we take a deep breath together?”
5. Model Calm Problem-Solving
When things go wrong, as they often do, show them how to cope:
- “Oops, the tower fell! Maybe we can build it again with a larger base?”
- “I can see you’re cross, but we don’t snatch. Let’s use our words.”
6. Praise the Effort, Not Just the Result
Instead of “Well done for finishing!”, try: “You kept trying even when it was tricky. That’s brilliant!”
Final Tip: Be Patient!
These skills take time to develop. Some days will feel like two steps forward, one step back, and that’s okay. The small moments of guidance and support we give every day add up to big growth and development over time.
