The Science Behind a Toddler’s Growing Brain
Imagine a two-year-old, completely absorbed in tapping smiley faces on an iPad. To little Henry, it’s just a fun game. But to scientists at the University of Bristol, it’s a window into his developing brain.
Henry is part of a pioneering study tracking how young children acquire key cognitive skills—such as inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses) and working memory (holding information to complete tasks). These abilities form the foundation for learning, focus, and social interaction later in life.
What makes this research unique is that it builds upon the Children of the 90s project, a decades-long study that has followed thousands of individuals from birth.
Now, scientists are examining their children—creating an unprecedented intergenerational dataset that could reveal how parental health, genetics, and experiences shape early brain development.
Why Early Brain Development Matters
Dr. Karla Holmboe, the study’s lead researcher, explains that the first five years of life are critical for cognitive development.
“Children who struggle when they start school tend to continue struggling—sometimes into adulthood. If we understand how these skills develop, we can support children much earlier.”
Key Skills Being Studied
Inhibitory Control
Henry’s iPad game tests his ability to resist automatic responses (like tapping the same spot) and adjust to changes. This skill is vital for focus and self-regulation in school.
Working Memory
Another toddler, Jaxon, plays a game where he must remember which pots contain stickers. This skill underpins problem-solving, reading, and maths.
Processing Speed
How quickly children absorb new information.
Language Development
Early language skills predict later academic success.
The Role of Early Years Practitioners
This research highlights why early years educators must understand brain development:
- Early Intervention Matters – If delays in inhibitory control or memory are spotted early, tailored support can prevent long-term struggles.
- Play-Based Learning Works – Toddlers learn best through playful, engaging activities.
- Parental and Environmental Influence – Practitioners can guide families on fostering supportive environments.
The Bigger Picture: How This Research Helps Future Generations
The Children of the 90s study has already transformed our understanding of health—revealing links between diet, obesity, and even mental health. Now, its next phase could revolutionise early childhood education and policy. As Emily, Henry’s mum, puts it:
“Why wouldn’t you want to be part of this and maybe help future generations?”
For early years professionals, this research is a powerful reminder: the first five years set the stage for a lifetime. By understanding brain development, we can give every child the best possible start.
Final Thoughts
This Bristol study is more than just fascinating science—it’s a call to action for parents, educators, and policymakers.
The better we understand early brain development, the more effectively we can nurture resilient, capable, and happy learners.
Click here to read the full BBC news article The pioneering child development study monitoring babies’ brains – BBC News
